1 gram of antimatter explosion radius

You can think of it as matter's evil twin. Such that: You can calculate the blast radius or stand-off distance using the Hopkinson-Cranz scaling law. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. We must use a bigger bomb. Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. Now that you know how to calculate blast radius, you can use the calculator to estimate safety distances. thanks for the detailed answer! Why 1.810 14 joules? When a bit of matter comes into contact with its evil antimatter twin, they cancel each other out, releasing all the energy stored inside them. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. Taken shamelessly from my previous answer here. The solar irradiance on Earth every second. One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. Take a proton (a charged subatomic particle) 2. This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. The pressure decays exponentially over time and has positive and negative (suction) phases. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. Space Mechs or Tanks or Planes or Marines - Fighting in space without blowing up each other's starships. No, the only way to be sure is to be thorough. The total solar irradiance energy received by Earth in the upper atmosphere per hour. So, what's their working theory as to why our evil antimatter twins didn't just cancel everything out, long ago? I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. So 1 mg 18F-FDG will produce about ~10^15 times as much annihilation energy as a single anti-proton (these are just rough estimates to get a feel for the magnitudes involved). Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. Still a big bang. Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. Such weapons would easy eclipse nuclear weapons in power, e.g., 1 gram of antimatter would equal 23 space shuttle fuel tanks of energy. ", "Comet/Jupiter Collision FAQ - Post-Impact", "Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact", "Huge Global Tsunami Followed Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Impact", "Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact", "That Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Instantly Acidified Our World's Oceans, Too", "Climatic Effect of Impacts on the Ocean", "Sun: Amount of Energy the Earth Gets from the Sun", "Seismic effects of the Caloris basin impact, Mercury", "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: the report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy", "Light curves of type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms", "Big Bang Energy (Ask an Astrophysicist)", "Storage requirements for security sensitive ammonium nitrate (SSAN)", "Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TNT_equivalent&oldid=1150973581. You can maybe kill everyone with less antimatter if you settled for giving everyone cancer instead. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. None. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. Remove a chunk from a planet? It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. Mathematically, the ratio of the weight of the explosives (W and W) is proportional to the ratio of the cube of range (R and R), i.e. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. During this interval, the pressure rises abruptly to a peak value and then decays exponentially over time. Theviolence of an antimatterreactionwas clearly demonstrated when a tiny pinch of the stuff exploded over Vatican City in the fictional Dan Brown epic, Angels and Demons. Which was the first Sci-Fi story to predict obnoxious "robo calls"? The term "TNT equivalence" is a normalization technique for equating properties of an explosive to TNT, the standard. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. 1 megaton is about 4.2x10 15 J. ", National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, "How much energy does an earthquake release? Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! The antimatter bomb is something any country rich enough could potentially make but its so expensive no country has put in the effort. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. physics - Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Antimatter weapons would be the most destructive and powerful in human history, so why dont they exist? The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. Scientists Make Big Step Towards Making Antimatter Stand Still - Forbes Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. For more information, please see our Air Force Researching Antimatter Weapons - Slashdot "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? It only takes a minute to sign up. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. Why refined oil is cheaper than cold press oil? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The approximate total yield of the super-eruption of the. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. Energy = The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. Would it be similarly anti-climactic? The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184J,[12] which is exactly one kilocalorie. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. But to understand the properties of this mysterious anti-stuff, apparently anti-electrons won't cut it. Assuming perfect accuracy and a teleporter? But that would miss all the boats, planes and submarines crowding their primitive buoyancy based transportation lanes. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. i got the conversion completely wrong because i got the energy output in joules, thought i was in megatons of TNT, then converted back to joules which is why i was so far off, Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/69440/, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/74019/, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. 1 kg of antimatter = 53 megaton yield, 4000 kg antimatter = 212 billion ton TNT, $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? And so do we! 4. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The fictional bomb works by touching 1 gram of matter to 1 gram of antimatter a substance made of sub-atomic particles with properties opposite those of normal matter particles causing. This worksheet is primarily designed to assist mining companies in determining if they should submit form 9-4040-A to the U.S. Geological Survey. "[When] a proton and antiproton annihilate each other, their mass completely disappears," Professor Dosersays. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. There's no way $10^{32} / 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, much less $10^{32} \times 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, no matter where you place any 1.72 multiplicative factor. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. [3], As of 2004[update], the cost of producing one millionth of a gram of antimatter was estimated at US $60 billion. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. You might still miss a submarine or two, but without space launch capabilities, zero industrial capacity, and an all-male crew, you're set anyway. [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. (Note that this is not creation out of nothing, but rather the conversion of pre-existing energy into matter.) After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. If antimatter makes contact with any ordinary matter it will explode, this includes air. Hence why I'm thinking they may have tried to say "Nope, 3,000m of Antimatter would really only be an explosion this big" as opposed to "Something as big as your hand would utterly level half of Rome" which is significantly smaller than 3,000m. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. Back To Anycalculator.com Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? Something like this would probably be your optimal (in terms of parsimonious use of anti matter, anyway) approach for #1 and #2. Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. "If we don't find a difference between matter and antimatter, then that's going to be the only remaining explanation," Professor Doser says. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. The "kiloton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules (4.1841012J). Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. You can also compare energy generated from different reactions with respect to the mass of TNT using our energy conversion calculator. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. Unravelling this cosmic conundrum is what the researchers at CERN's Antimatter Factory are trying to do. "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. Instead of exploding, it sputters and fumes and splits into pieces and generally makes a mess. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. Nope. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. Frank Close, a particle physicist at the University of Oxford, points out the time problem, too. Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. Answer (1 of 6): Let's assume a gram of antihydrogen, which would release about 2 GeV per annihilation. The same process happens in the human body too, so we're all creating anti-electrons. This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. It is a spherical or hemispherical-shaped wave that originates upon the detonation of explosives. Will Antimatter Destroy the World? | Live Science The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/antimatter-factory-physics-most-expensive-explosive-substance/101948092, Your information is being handled in accordance with the, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, Supplied: CERN/Maximilien Brice/Julien MariusOrdan, This man advises his clients that elections, rates and mortgages are invalid, Recreational vaping to be banned, all e-cigarettes to be strictly controlled, Treasurer refuses to confirm reported JobSeeker lift for people over 55, but says targeted support in the budget, Selling the furniture and couch-surfing: Families forced to make 'impossible' decisions amid fears inflation crisis hitting kids, US updates Russian death toll in Ukraine, Twitter glitch logs users out. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. Ten things you might not know about antimatter Then her family intervened, Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, A year ago, this Australian couple fled Ukraine with their three cats. All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. Anti-matter Energy Calculator Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? This makes it incredibly hard to store antimatter. The team is called the ALPHA collaboration. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. Ten things you might not know about antimatter Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside the brain? Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. Michael Doser who works in the only factory making it describes thisreaction as "probably the most violent process you can think of because the full mass of the object disappears and transforms into energy". This calculation helps us in finding the pressure loads on objects. The height of the fireball was over seven times the height of Everest.

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