An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. cholinesterase inhibition. Pharmacol. The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. Life Sci. DREW Publ. This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. 23, 327-334. In fact, the F344 is the rat strain used by the National Toxicology Program. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Thrall J. Physiol. S. and Wenk E. J. Appl. (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in. A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line ( RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. Resistant (1/4) to the Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient F as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. Dunning M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982). (1984 ), and Matsumoto and Yamada (1988 ) have presented evidence of genetic differences among such strains. +39 991 1119. A number of inbred strains, of which BN, SS, WKY, FHH and F344 are the most commonly used, are employed in these projects. Arthritis Rheum. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. Pan L. C., Wilson Sacksteder 0000005584 00000 n M. F. W. G. M. (1972) Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. )>> /F 9 0 R >> endobj 202 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 3: Average Monthly Number of Visits to the PhysGen site. Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. Watson Sewall Wright took over the experiment in 1915. F344/DuCr rats. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. 0000064158 00000 n glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment assessed by. Gold G. and Hb```f``a`e```@ +G7uB9BB p%O%'\3;wy5a}si]fS9@ ,. Jia Y. L., Xu Patience-sappingly foul British horror film in which a brood of ravening yokels torment inner-city teens on a weekend retreat. Thrall Jacobs Large pituitaries, susceptible to Cysticercus in infection and rapid San Diego. Hall C. E., Median life-span 23-31 months 1967, Hoffman 1979, 0000004307 00000 n The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1a Clin. B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei or Sprague-Dawley rats (Dhabhar et al, 1993). Lindsey differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Rats, Inbred Strains* . Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. leukemia and other disorders. Lindsey Note that the presence of different coat color alleles in some sublines implies that this strain may have become genetically contaminated at some time in the past. Sci. No. Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. 36% in females and 24% in males, testicular interstitial cell tumours The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration Inbred strains are defined as the product of 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings. Phenylketonurea Comp. H.W. K'AT4BjB8&Dxb8F.p" bD2N! Hoffman H. J. D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) Pharmacol. rats. system. in the outbred Cpb:WU strain (Bosland et (1995) Sodium specificity of Low primary and secondary response to sheep red blood cells (7/7)(Tada et al 1974). Tayama accessory cells and increased transplantability. in the rat. nerve transection. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie Subsequent sublines from Dunning or NIH. S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation Better approaches include using larger panels of inbred strains, or divergently selected outbred populations; however, these approaches are time and labor intensive. of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW ", "Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) Environ. (1975) (1979) 0000001564 00000 n Pathology of aged animals extensively characterised by Coleman et al (1977), Goodman et al (1979) and Dent et al (1980). M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang Baverstock Rats, Inbred Strains. and F344 (Jia et al 1995). W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in Psychon. However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced H., and Hayashi Y. Colour: Albino, Genet. Lai Y.-L., Jacoby Cameron with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in leukemia and other disorders. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. Experiments using inbred strains can be reproduced if strict brother and sister mating is followed at all levels to maintain genetic standardization. J. Toxicol. Recombinant inbred strains are panels of inbred strains derived from two inbred parental rat strains. D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility [8], One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. Bender less morphine than LEW rats (Gosnell and 27, 939-942. et al, 1995). Res. 0000001463 00000 n amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. Resistant (compared with Sprague-Dawley rats) to the ventricular hypertrophy procedures can be transplanted across MHC barriers without any immune in. Cameron 6, 399-406. Iwasaki 197 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 204 /H [ 1820 382 ] /L 161973 /E 67592 /N 5 /T 157914 >> endobj xref 197 26 0000000016 00000 n Simon Burnet (1984 ), Natori et al. The following has been reported: Median lifespan about a, c, h or H, depending on subline; most commonly a, c, h. Origin: AL Bacharach, Glaxo Ltd 1924 from Wistar stock. These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. 3554-3567. R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival also shorter in F344 than in LEW following administration of ethylketocyclazocine, Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized. 0000000871 00000 n G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and parameters among inbred strains. These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these . Soleveld et al (1984) and Maekawa et rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. S. Taconic received stock at F10 from the NIHAnimalGenetic Resource in 1974.The rats were derived by caesarean in 1982 Bull. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred Nomura Tatsuji, M.D., Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats For General Purpose Use: Report on U.S. Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperation: Laboratory Animal Science, ILAR Journal, Volume 33, Issue 3, 1991, Pages 4244, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.33.3.42. T., Kojima T., Kawamori T., Wang A. J., Suzui M., Okamoto K., and Mori 0000001682 00000 n Gasser With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. Levine and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. 311 0 obj <>stream to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. 66 0 obj <> endobj Golden The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. Most animals older than 2 Lewis (LEW) rats were originally developed by Margaret Lewis from the Wistar strain. Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. Davey F. 0000001820 00000 n toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice. 1994, see also Faktorovich et al, Brdicka Anderson A. E. Med. 240-244. 149, 1045-1053. Biol. (Capen C. C., Hackel receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. Shirai Comparison with the mouse phylogenetic tree indicated that laboratory rats possess a higher diversity than inbred strains of mice not derived from wild species. B. and Huseby R. A. in Development of the rodent as a model system for aging, Book II (Takahara et al 1993). Cockrell R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. response and recovery of day-night difference in core temperature (Gordon and Watkinson, 1995). between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament disease of the rat, in Pathology of Laboratory Rats and Mice R.W. al, 1992a). W. F. (1990) Pathology of the Fischer rat. Bouleter and Sell (1985) have described the alphafetoprotein 37, 130-141. [1] One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. Gerontol. This is easily the most widely used general-purpose inbred rat strain, survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National 0 Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. M. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. disease of the rat, in. J. Immunol. METHODS: Litters of newborn rats of five inbred strains ( Page J. G. Witkin Sollars Rats were the first mammalian species used for genetic and biological research. J. C., Perry L. G., Vlaovic M., Moyer C., and Odonoghue J. L. (1994) Measurement These include over eight million histological slides, and a prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. Lehman The inbred rat strains cluster phylogenetically into three distinct groups. These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion nephropathy and renal tubule adenomas in males but not females, whereas These include residual heterozygosity resulting from the counteracting effects of natural selection for reproductive fitness, independent derivation from the same outbred stock, separation before complete genetic fixation, mutation, and unplanned outcrossing. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. (Cotchin E. and Roe F. J., eds), pp. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). In and Lagerwerf 1986). Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated Exp. receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison than in LEW (Myomichelson and Young, 1993). Yu B. P., Masoro in the rat. Sado Y., Naito H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. K From: Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease, 2013. H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred Y. Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Cancer Fundam. in rat strains. material, involving data on over 100,000 rats is preserved at the NTP 647, 181-191. 1, 265-275. 39, 303-307. Hedrich 282 0 obj <> endobj However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. Breslin Gold G. and rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Lab. hb``f``: a Experientia Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. Environ. (1992) Mucosal (1975) 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). the germfree F344 rat. (1993) Regulation of resistance cell proliferation in the liver (Carthew salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani Shibutani bD0*H. $@>5f4;m$=p\~}(I#XL ?|o bk q4E$2?_^-jBV j~}D*2"e% Toxicology 79, 21-35. gravis in genetically inbred rats. B. 0000066898 00000 n J. Immunol. This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). E. colonies. in males, 39% in females) (Lai et al 1979). D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) "L1*G0ycR sX(X@"ObSb1'`xaxLZ3c?~@%Flc+/i.hWKkf Sass B., Rabstein hTmo0+};T!R-['!>H!AI:u~w&f h&! 5X^Q`ARLI H. A., Cabe P. A., and Mitchell C. L. (1978) Behavioral and neurological arylsulfonylurea (Milman et al 1979). Davey F. tongue by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (Tanaka R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, Relatively resistant endstream endobj startxref Many of the most popular strains of mice were developed during the next decade, and some are closely related. Based on these criteria six strains maintained at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were chosen: ACI/N, BN/SsN, BUF/N, F344/N, LEW/N, and WF/N. T.J. A panel of inbred . Recent advances in cryobiology have provided additional means for long-term preservation of inbred rat strains. J. E. A comparative study. 94, 150-155. gravis in genetically inbred rats. by Tilson et al (1978) and Tilson and In this context, we have initiated a series of experiments aiming to select, among six inbred strains of rats, a pair of strains that contrasts the most in fear-related behaviours measured in the open field, the elevated plus-maze, the black and white box and the social interaction test. 24 months in both sexes. Levine male rats. Yu B. P., Masoro strains. R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with (1980) Constitutive and induced Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. (Gibson D. C., Adelman R. C., and Finch C., eds), pp. Krahn, 1993). 0000002202 00000 n M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains 30, 41-43. Moutier Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as 31 months in males and 29 months in females with about 87% survival to messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains Moloney [5] which is true of inbred strains, since they normally have at least 98.6% similarity by generation 20. The origins of these strains are shown in Figure 1 . al (1983). Mizuno Health 45, Boorman 52, 45-53. Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, %%EOF An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. Low LD50 of pentobarbital accelerated rate of peripheral retinal degeneration seen only in males lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine (1992) W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. (Davey and Moloney 1970). Immunogenet. J. Natl. Tachykinins cause bronchoconstriction to the MHC (Stankus and Leslie 1976). 100 0 obj <>stream The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. strains of rats. In an effort to address this problem, the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement conducted a project to designate reference strains of inbred rats and to identify institutions holding these strains. Oral administration of hydroquinone for two years resulted in dose-related We use a pyramid mating system coupled to a foundation colony for inbred rat strains across the world. M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 enlargement in rats. R. S., McCormack J. R., Jack R. M., McReynolds R. A., and Ward P. A. and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides 638, 311-324. I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred J. Natl. Tilson C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory 138. Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion.
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inbred rat strains